Assessment of Sachet and Bottled Water Quality in Ibadan, Nigeria

Global Journal of Nutrition & Food Science

Background: With the recent increase in the consumption of sachet and bottled water in major cities and towns of Nigeria due to lack of portable drinking water, there is need to investigate the prevalence of possible contaminants in these water that may have toxicological effect on human when consumed.

Aim: Quality assessment of sachet and bottled water produced and/or sold in Ibadan, Nigeria was the aim of this study. Place and duration of study: This research was carried out in Ibadan, the Oyo State capital of Nigeria between November 2018 and February 2019.

Methodology: Twenty sachet and five bottled drinking water brands; making a total of 25 brands from different manufacturers were used for this study. They were purchased randomly from local markets, shops and street vendors within Ibadan metropolis. They were clearly marked for easy identification and transported to the Quality Assurance Laboratory of Water Corporation, Eleyele, Ibadan for immediate analysis. The samples were examined physically and information on the packages were recorded. Each product was carefully opened to avoid contamination. The physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities as well as the mineral composition of all samples were analyzed using standard methods and results were compared with the recommended WHO/NIS guidelines for quality water.

Results: Physical examination indicated that all the sampled water were registered with NAFDAC but 70% of the sachet water had no manufacturing and expiry dates. The results of physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities as well as the mineral composition of sachet and bottled drinking water analyzed showed that 90% of the values were within the guideline of WHO/NIS for quality water.

Conclusion: Though, the average temperature values of both the sachet and bottled drinking water samples were significantly above the WHO/ NIS standard, it did not have any effect on their microbiological quality properties. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria that principally characterize drinking water quality were not present in any of the water samples. Generally, the results obtained in this study indicated that sachet and bottled drinking water produced and/or sold in Ibadan metropolis were of good quality and hygienic for consumption.

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How Accessible is Clean Water to the Rural Area in this Modern Era?

Global Journal of Nutrition & Food Science

Often times, there seems to be high rate of death toll in the rural area of which the cause is still hidden to those living in such area.

Nowadays, people suffer a slight headache and the next thing you hear is that the person is dead. This is mostly caused by intake of dirty/unclean water, but people are yet to know.

There are some identified diseases caused by unsensitized water. Such diseases include Amoebiasis, cholera, Giardia, cryptosporidiosis, etcetera. But the truth is, there are still some diseases that are yet to be known that are caused by unclean water. If this is not true, the symptoms and medications of the aforementioned diseases has been in one way or another related to those living in such an area yet, they still die of water borne disease contamination irrespective of their age or gender.

There is a question that linger in my mind

Why are People Still Dying of Water Borne Diseases in this Era?

In the world of today, people still die of water borne disease due to either ‘ ignorance ‘ or lack of finance. let us not forget that our target is at those living in the rural areas. A situation where one is been told look, you are suffering from this particular disease and it was caused by the type of water you drink and the question you hear from the person in response is, have you ever seen anyone who has died of water borne disease before? or you had that someone died because of water. is water not meant for drinking? you will be discouraged to enlighten the person on how to cure such disease. Secondly, when one knows the cause of the disease and what can cure the disease but due to lack of finance, such a person could not access the hospital, the only option left for the disease is to kill such a person. The governance in most countries more especially in West African countries is too poor that those elected politic with people’s lives as provision of basic ammunition are considered a later obligation. According to World Health Organization, 3.4 million people die of water borne disease in the whole world of which over 3.2 million are from the West African countries. some people travel a very long distance just to fetch drinking water which are not treated before intake. if these people can be provided with water, half treated, the figure will drastically reduce by at least 75%.

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The Role of Suppliers of Raw Materials in Ensuring Food Safety

Global Journal of Nutrition & Food Science

Food safety is the most important quality feature for consumers, hence food law regulates this issue in details assuring food the consumer buys meets its safety expectations. According to the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) [1], food safety is the assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use. Food safety is very important for consumers and producers as well. All food producers are responsible for ensuring food safety. Therfore, they should pay attention to the quality of raw materials use in a production proces.

Suppliers play a significant role in food industry sectors. The quality of the final product is determined by many factors: one of the most important tools to ensure high quality of raw materials is suppliers qualifications list. Ensuring that incoming raw materials are free from hazards is the most effective way of keeping dangers away from the food and the manufacturing facility. An adopted approach to food safety should cover the entire supply chain, starting with suppliers. Selecting suppliers is one of the most important activities in supply chain management.
Each food plant should follow strict procurement processes to ensure selecting safe, high quality raw materials. This includes defining specifications for the materials, and performing checks to ensure they always comply with the regulations. If they don’t comply, they should be rejected.

The choice of suppliers is a very important management process in food business requiring well-structured operational procedures. Generally, there are two methods of choosing suppliers: 1.” single sourcing” – one supplier can meet all the needs of the purchaser and 2. “multiple sourcing” where in order to decrease the risk of nonavailability of raw material, the purchaser buys raw materials from several suppliers [2]. Cooperating with correct suppliers decreases the costs and improves competitiveness [3] so purchasing strategy is a critical activity for each food company [4]. Choosing a supplier that can deliver a safe product should be the crucial objective of food plant.

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